Graphics with the turtle-class

Here we only bring up some of the most basic methods. See the documentation for a more complete description. The Turtle-world is located in the module turtle, which must be imported.

Create

Method	Function	Example
turtle.Turtle()	Creates and returns a turtle placed at the origin. If it is the first turtle, the world is also created.	t = turtle.Turtle()

Move and Draw

Method	Function	Example
forward(n) fd(n)	Step n pixels forward.
backward(n) bk(n)	Step n pixels backwards.
left(n) lt(n)	Turn n degrees to the left.
right(n) rt(n)	Turn n degrees to the right.
goto(x, y)	Go to position (x,y).
setx(x)	Move horizontally.
sety(y)	Move vertically.
setheading(n) seth(n)	Sets the direction. 0 is right along the x-axis, 90 is up along the y-axis.	t.seth(180)
circle(radius)	Walk in a circle with a given radius.
dot(radius, col)	Draw a point with given radius and color.	t.dot(10, 'blue')
speed(n)	Sets the speed. 0 : fastest, no animation 1 : slow 5 9 : fast

Get information about the turtle

Method	Function
towards(x,y)	Returns the direction towards the point (x,y).
xcor()	Returns the x-coordinate.
ycor()	Returns the y-coordinate.
heading()	Returns the direction. 0 is to the right along the x-axis, 90 is up along the y-axis.
distance(x, y)	Returns the distance to the point (x,y).
distance(t)	Returns the distance to the turtle t.

Control of the pen, color, and filling

Method	Function
pendown() pd()	Will draw.
penup() pu()	Will not draw.
pensize()	Returns the size of the pen.
pensize(n)	Sets the size of the pen.
isdown()	True if the pen is down, False otherwise.
pencolor(colorstring)	Sets the color of the pen. Example: 'blue' or '#32c18f'.
fillcolor(colorstring)	Sets the fill color.
begin_fill()	Starts to fill figures.
end_fill()	Stops filling figures.
clear()	Erase everything the turtle has drawn.
write(text, font=(name,size,type))	Writes a text. Example: t.write('hi', font=('Courier',24,'bold'))
hideturtle() ht()	Make the turtle invisible.
showturtle() st()	Make the turtle visible.

There are methods for changing the size, shape, and color of the turtle. There are also methods for changing the window (size, color, coordinate system, ...). See the documentation!